Wednesday, 30 May 2012

1500 word illustrated report


My artistic practice derives from my interest in historical artefacts, situations and objects – survivals into the modern era which provide a memory stimulus and form the basis of our ‘knowledge’ of an event or person. 
“Psychogeography is the point at which psychology and geography collide, a means of exploring the behavioural impact of urban space” (p10, Coverley, 2010) and these two elements have resonance when recording my personal response to time and place.   
The Arab Spring Network is inspired by a journey I undertook from Carthage to Cairo through Tunisia, Libya and Egypt coinciding with the time of Mohamed Bouaziz’s self-immolation in 2010. This act of protest may be regarded as the start of the ongoing Arab Spring uprisings across the Middle East (The Guardian, 2012). I wanted to use the psychogeography implicit in my journey as the starting point for my final BA Art & Design piece.

Benghazi, Libya (Dec 2010)
However, initially I did have a problem with developing an interpretation of the uprisings in a way that was significant and meaningful. 

I decided to try different methods such as an unfolding scroll manuscript like the original On The Road typescript by Jack Kerouac or a Road Map inspired by Hamish Fulton’s work at the Ikon Gallery but found these to be insignificant. 

Trial Mapping

I had seen some ancient terracotta heads in The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford that had echoes in a group of mannequin heads I photographed in Tripoli, Libya.  I then spent some time working on different ideas based on these heads, also referencing Jaume Plensa’s work at Yorkshire Sculpture Park. 

Mannequin heads in Tripoli Old Town
I painted purchased heads, manipulated them with wax, bound them with string and bandages.  I then carved heads from different materials, sowing seeds to on one of them to represent a re-blooming of democracy.

‘Tribal’ mannequin heads referencing the national colours of Tunisia (red & white);
Libya (green) and Egypt (red, white and black)
However, I found none of these trails had the rigor that I wanted in my work and, outlining my dissatisfaction to my tutor, I decided to start again from scratch with my final project.
I decided to refer to the historical places I visited during my North African journey where I viewed and photographed many mosaics in Roman urban sites.  I have long been interested in mosaics both historically and in modern interpretations like Sir Eduardo Paolozzi’s work at Tottenham Court Road underground station 1983-1985 and Oliver Budd’s 1968 Birmingham work. 
Mosaic is an art form that is infinitely variable – it can be artisan and utilitarian (as in modern house numbers or a Cave Canem sign from The House of the Tragic Poet in Pompeii) or a great work of art.
The historical mosaics in North Africa ranged from rather amateur local interpretations right up to the most detailed and well-preserved pieces by master craftsmen from Rome.  It is survival art and has a dualism – both utilitarian and aesthetic - that appeals to me. 
I am very interested in textile arts.  One of my previous pieces was a handmade Gaza dress referencing the world’s earliest humanoid sculptures (6100 BC from 'Ain Ghazal) which I saw on a visit to Amman in Jordan. 
The combination of the two art forms – textiles and mosaics - that have been of interest to me throughout my life gave me the direction I needed for this project. 
The history of textiles is fragmented and incomplete but an Egyptian canopy quilt produced in 980 BC is considered to be the oldest of a very few “solitary survivors of an originally very complex and inclusive tradition of patchwork textiles” (p19, von Gwinner, 1988). Because of the “visible role of women in [the Arab Spring] protests” (I newspaper, 2012) I was also interested in using an art form which traditionally has been regarded as ‘woman’s work’. 
I decided to produce a fabric mosaic as, in traditional quilt works, many fragments and pieces combine to make a whole.  I felt that this references and echoes the many different small actions amongst the fabric of society within the Middle East that evolved into a network for change.
Also “The work of sewing quilts, in which old clothes are torn up to make something new and useful, is seen .... as a new creation after destruction, a symbolic act in the sense that something dead is reawakened to life”.  (p37, von Gwinner, 1988).
I am a member of the Quilters’ Guild and visited their Museum in York as part of my research.  There I decided not to use a ‘traditional’ type of patchwork pattern as they had mainly evolved during the 18th and 19th centuries.  Again referencing the mosaic tesserae, I decided to use simple squares. 
I looked at different sizes for the squares.  I thought about using a very small 25x25cm square to express the amount and number of many people’s input into the revolutionary process but realised that this would mean that the detail would vanish.  It would also be very difficult to work with so I decided to use a template of 70x70cm which would enable the detail from my journey photographs to be detected.  I printed the parts that I felt had significance to this work onto Inkjet printing Jacquard Silk fabric sheets and appliquéd them onto fabric squares.
I used a range of materials from my fabric store cupboard, selecting colours that reflected the desert areas I visited – sand, beige, brown, oranges with some contrasting blues to reflect sky and sea.  Some squares were recycled from clothes and I embellished embroidered some squares with different textures and motifs as I wanted to use a range of resources to express the breadth of input to the Arab Spring.
It took some time to make a critical mass of squares but as soon as this was reached I laid out them out on the floor to check for impact and also presented the ideas I had at a group tutorial with students and staff at Birmingham City University.  I was quite encouraged with the response to my project outline.

Once I had produced a large number of squares I had to decide how to ‘attach’ them to each other.  I tried a number of different methods random and more formal.
 
Traditional quilts are not pieced in this way and I decided that I needed to ‘mount’ my individual squares to fabric rather than try to join them together.  As I thought about this I realised that the revolutionary movement had involved a network of contacts and activity and that I could reference this network in the material onto which I mounted the squares.  

This then gave rise to the title of the work – The Arab Spring Network.
I decided to form the squares quite a formal arrangement of nine – 3 x 3 on each row which had a pleasing symmetry.  The squares were then sewn onto the net in rows of six groups – each row took about four hours to measure and mounted
I also tried out different backgrounds and decided to paint the space with a pale sand colour to enhance the hanging – it also made the net ‘disappear’ which was quite interesting. 

When the piece was completed I decided to take it into university to check on its location within the final year show Unto This Last.  Unfortunately I could not have my preferred space without the lighting system obscuring the top of the piece, however, I painted the wall in the Project Space with a sand colour – firstly as a strip behind the piece which seemed to isolate it within the ‘white walls’ of the exhibition space then the whole wall.
Originally I was going to paint a floor covering to match the wall but was advised by my tutor to use sand.  The outcome of the first trial was:

It was then recommended that I paint the end wall the same colour with the sand spread along its length.  This resulted in a much better outcome although the lighting structure does obscure the view of the whole piece.


Final positioning of The Arab Spring Network

The positioning within the show is with two other students - Jo  Reynolds whose work is related to feminist mapping in Saudi Arabia and Katie Hobday’s tiles – the juxtaposition of our three pieces is very interesting and should give rise to some thoughtful input from the visiting public. 
It was quite difficult to resolve the issues of evolving a significant response to my own experience of the Arab Spring but I am happy with the artistic outcome that I have achieved.
Lesley Peat
May 2012

(NB Slightly edited from version submitted to BIAD including some photographs omitted)

Bibliography
Books
Coverley, Merlin.  Psychogeography.  2010.  Pocket Essentials Harpenden, Herts, UK
Von Gwinner, Schnuppe.  The History of the Patchwork Quilt.  Origins, Traditions and Symbols of a Textile Art.  1988.  Schiffer Publishing West Chester PA 19380, USA
Exhibitions
Jaume Plensa at Yorkshire Sculpture Park (2012)
The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman at the British Museum (2012)
Newspaper
Sturges, Fiona.  Arab Spring p38 in I 15 May 2012
Website





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